Honduran Coup Shines Spotlight on Controversial U.S. Military Training
School

Published on Wednesday, July 1, 2009 by Facing South

by Chris Kromm

Before the torture debates about Guantanamo Bay and Abu Ghraib, there
was the School of Americas -- a U.S. military training school in Fort
Benning, Georgia, which has trained some of the worst human rights
abusers in Latin America.
A soldier stands guard in a desolated street in the surroundings of
the presidential palace in Tegucigalpa. An increasingly isolated
Honduras braced for more protests with authorities threatening to
immediately arrest ousted President Manuel Zelaya if he dares to
return. (AFP/Jose Cabezas)As Facing South reported yesterday, two of
the leaders of the Honduran coup -- General Romeo Vasquez Velasquez,
leader of the armed forces, and Gen. Luis Javier Prince Suazo, head of
the Air Force which transported the president to Costa Rica -- were
trained at the Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation,
formerly known as the School of the Americas.
The Honduran coup leaders are just two of over 60,000 Latin American
graduates of the school, which since 1984 has been headquartered at
Fort Benning, Georgia. The SOA Watch database lists 3,566 graduates of
the school from Honduras alone.
As watchdog groups like School of Americas Watch have documented, many
of the school's trainees have been directly linked to death squads,
killings of clergy and other aid workers, kidnappings and other gross
violations of human rights.
The School of Americas/WHISC has also been linked to torture. In 1996,
Dana Priest of The Washington Post broke the story about use of
training manuals at the school that taught students many controversial
techniques:
U.S. Army intelligence manuals used to train Latin American military
officers at an Army school from 1982 to 1991 advocated executions,
torture, blackmail and other forms of coercion against insurgents,
Pentagon documents released yesterday show.
Used in courses at the U.S. Army's School of the Americas, th
t and control informants, counterintelligence agents could use "fear,
payment of bounties for enemy dead, beatings, false imprisonment,
executions and the use of truth serum," according to a secret Defense
Department summary of the manuals compiled during a 1992 investigation
of the instructional material and also released yesterday. General
Romeo Vasquez Velasquez, widely credited with spearheading this week's
military coup, appears to have been trained at SOA when torture was
part of the curriculum.
Torture techniques were introduced at SOA after Vietnam, when the
U.S. used lessons from the counterinsurgency experience in that war to
create course materials for the school. The practice was halted under
the Carter administration in 1976 due to human rights concerns -- the
same year that General Vasquez first attended SOA.
The second time General Vasquez was trained at SOA in 1986, the
torture techniques had been re-introduced into the school's lesson
plans and training manuals under the Reagan administration. An in
internal investigation, the DoD later concluded that the inclusion of
torture techniques in violation of international law was a mistake. An
internal memo dated March 10, 1992 stated [pdf]:
It is incredible that the use of the lesson plans since 1982, and the
manuals since 1987, evade the system of doctrinal controls. And who
was Secretary of Defense when these warning signs about
U.S. involvement in torture practices in Latin America came to a head?
Dick Cheney, whose leadership in national security policy as Vice
President would bring torture back into the media spotlight.
We're not aware of any evidence that General Vasquez was directly
involved in torture, and the Obama administration has strongly
condemned the military coup. But such history is an important backdrop
to current events, which are vividly remembered in Honduras.